Magic Animals: The Secret of the Roof Statues

If you look closely at the corners of the yellow-tiled roofs in the Forbidden City, you will see a line of small figures. These are not just decorations; they are imperial roof decorations (called Wenshou) that served as spiritual guards for the Emperor.

The Rule of Numbers: In ancient China, the number of statues on the roof showed the importance of the building. Most buildings had 3, 5, or 7 statues. Only the Hall of Supreme Harmony—the most important building in the empire—was allowed to have 10 statues.

The Lineup of Guardians

At the very front of the line, you will always find a man riding a phoenix (or a bird-like creature). Legend says this is a cruel prince who was hung from the roof as a warning, or a wise immortal guarding the palace from evil spirits.

The Dragon (Long) The dragon represents the Emperor himself. It is a symbol of power and is believed to have the ability to summon rain to protect the wooden palace from fire.
The Phoenix (Feng) The phoenix represents the Empress. Together with the dragon, it symbolizes a harmonious and happy empire.
The Lion (Shi) Lions are symbols of bravery and protection. They stand guard to frighten away any bad energy or enemies of the court.
The Hangshi (The 10th Statue) This is a unique, winged creature that looks like a monkey with a trident. It only exists on the Hall of Supreme Harmony to prevent lightning strikes.

Why Statues? (Practicality vs. Magic)

While the stories about magic animals are famous, there was also a very practical reason for these statues. The roofs were made of heavy tiles held together by large nails. To prevent the nails from rusting or being moved by the wind and rain, architects covered the nail heads with these beautiful ceramic figures.

Academic Vocabulary

Mythology: A collection of myths or stories belonging to a particular religious or cultural tradition.
Trident: A three-pronged spear, often shown being held by the 10th statue, Hangshi.
Sovereignty: The supreme power or authority of a ruler (symbolized by the Dragon).
Ceramic: Pots and other articles made from clay hardened by heat.