Architecture and Design: The Perfect Palace

The Forbidden City is an architectural masterpiece. Built between 1406 and 1420, it was designed to show the world that the Emperor was the center of the universe. Every building, gate, and courtyard follows a strict plan based on balance, harmony, and ancient Chinese beliefs.

The North-South Axis

The most important feature of the palace is the **Central Axis**. The Forbidden City is aligned perfectly from North to South. The Emperor’s throne was placed exactly on this line. To the Chinese, the North Star was the center of heaven, so the Emperor—the "Son of Heaven"—built his palace to face the North Star.

Symmetry and Balance

If you were to cut the Forbidden City in half along the central axis, the left side would look exactly like the right side. This perfect symmetry represents order and stability. In ancient China, a symmetrical palace meant a stable and peaceful government.

Feng Shui: Mountains and Water

The palace was built according to **Feng Shui** (the art of placement). According to these rules, a home should be protected by a mountain at the back (North) and have water at the front (South).

Wood vs. Stone

Unlike European castles made of stone, the Forbidden City is the world's largest collection of **ancient wooden structures**. The buildings use a unique "bracket" system called Dougong. This allowed the buildings to be flexible and survive many earthquakes over the last 600 years without falling down.

Academic Vocabulary

Axis: An imaginary line about which a body rotates or is organized.
Symmetry: Perfect balance; when two sides of something are identical.
Feng Shui: An ancient Chinese system of laws that govern spatial arrangement and energy flow.
Masterpiece: A work of outstanding artistry, skill, or workmanship.
Artificial: Made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally.
Dougong: A unique system of interlocking wooden brackets used in Chinese architecture.